ABSTRACT This work evaluated the productive and structural characteristics of the BRS Zuri and BRS Quênia cultivars under rotational stocking management. The evaluations were divided into five periods according to rainfall regime (high, medium, and low rainfall) during 16 months of the years 2016-2018. Pastures were grazed when canopies intercepted 95% of incident light to stubbles corresponding to 50% of the pre-grazing height. The pre- and post-grazing heights varied as a function of cultivar, with higher values for BRS Zuri (89 and 49 cm) than for BRS Quênia (78 and 45 cm). No differences in canopy lowering percentage, forage mass, and stem and dead material dry masses between cultivars were observed, with averages of 41.3%, 5,856, 1,835, and 841 kg ha−1, respectively. The post-grazing canopy height was lower in the second year, which resulted in higher values of canopy lowering percentage (51%). The highest value for leaf:stem ratio for both cultivars was observed in the high rainfall period of the second year. Higher average tiller population density was observed for BRS Quênia (477 tillers m−2) than for BRS Zuri (260 tillers m−2) for all the rainfall periods. Forage bulk density was similar between cultivars and varied according to the periods evaluated, with the highest value observed during the dry period of the year. Forage mass, as well as its component fractions, did not vary between cultivars, but was influenced by the studied periods. The cultivars showed high leaf mass in the pre-grazing forage mass with an average value of 3,174 kg ha−1. The cultivars are similar in morphological composition and offer high yield potential when managed under a rotational grazing system.

Resumo Este trabalho foi desenvolvido de 25 de fevereiro a 01 de julho de 2012 para recomendar a(s) dose(s) de nitrogênio e o(s) período(s) de diferimento que resultam em pastos diferidos de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã (capim-piatã) com características estruturais adequadas ao consumo animal. Foram avaliadas combinações entre períodos de diferimento e condições de adubação nitrogenada. Os períodos de diferimento foram longo (127 dias) e curto (79 dias). As doses de nitrogênio foram de 0, 40, 80 e 120 kg/ha. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. O índice de área foliar (IAF) e a interceptação luminosa (IL) aumentaram com a aplicação de nitrogênio. Na ausência ou dose pequena de nitrogênio, o pasto diferido por curto período apresentou IAF e IL inferiores ao manejado com longo período de diferimento. A dose de nitrogênio só influenciou a densidade de perfilhos basais vegetativos. O menor período de diferimento resultou em maiores números de perfilhos basais e aéreos vegetativos, assim como número inferior de perfilho basal reprodutivo. O nitrogênio aumentou o comprimento da lâmina foliar e do colmo do perfilho vegetativo. Longo período de diferimento resultou em colmo e lâmina foliar mais compridos e maior número de folhas mortas. O capim-piatã pode ser diferido por 80 dias, com aplicação de 80 kg/ha de nitrogênio no início do período de diferimento.

Abstract This study was conducted from Feb. 25th, 2012 to Jul. 1st, 2012 to recommend nitrogen doses and deferment periods that result in deferred Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã (piatã grass) pastures with structural characteristics suitable for animal consumption. Combinations were evaluated between deferment periods and nitrogen fertilization conditions. The deferment periods were long (127 days) and short (79 days). Nitrogen doses were 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg/ha. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications. The leaf area index (LAI) and light interception (LI) increased with the application of nitrogen. In the absence or at a small nitrogen dose, pasture deferred for short periods presented lower LAI and LI than pasture managed with long deferment period. The nitrogen only influenced the density of vegetative basal tillers. The lower deferment period resulted in a greater number of basal tillers and vegetative air, as well as fewer reproductive basal tillers. Nitrogen increased the length of the leaf blade and the vegetative tiller stem. Long deferral period resulted in longer stem and leaf blade and a larger number of dead leaves. Piatã grass can be deferred for 80 days, with application of 80 kg/ha of nitrogen at the beginning of the deferment period.

The study was carried out between March 1st and July 1st, 2011, in order to evaluate the tillering pattern of the deferred Piata palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piata). Three sward heights were evaluated in the beginning of the period of deferment: lower (20 cm), medium (30 cm) and higher (40 cm). The experimental design was of completely randomized blocks with three replications. The Piata palisade grass deferred with low initial height presented lower leaf area index, lower light interception and higher leaf angle in relation to the ones deferred with medium and high heights. The advance in the period of deferment increased the leaf area index and the light interception by the sward, in a way that the highest values were recorded in the periods from 91 and 120 days. The leaf angle reduced linearly with the advance in the period of deferment. For basal and aerial tillers, the rates of appearance, mortality and survival of tillers, as well as the balance between appearance and mortality, and the tiller density stability index were not affected by the initial height of the sward. The stability index of the tiller density was lower in the period from 1 to 30 days of deferment in relation to the periods from 31 to 60, from 61 to 90 and from 91 to 120 days. The variation of the initial height of the Piata palisade grass does not influence the tiller density dynamics during the period of deferment. The reduction of the initial height of the Piata palisade grass improves the luminous environment inside the sward, but it does not stimulate the grass tillering during the period of deferment.